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A
activated sodium bentonite
Sodium bentonite generated from calcium bentonite through activation, with hydraulic conductivities of approx. 5 x 10-11 m/s. The water absorption capacity (after 24 hours) is approx. 600 %.
adhesive bonding
See chemically bonded nonwoven
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B
BAM
Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, Berlin
bentonite
A fine-grained swellable clay with montmorillonite as the predominant material with very low hydraulic conductivities (approx. 1 x 10-9 up to 5 x 10-12 m/s). Through the relatively large negatively charged surface (approx. up to 800 m_/g), e. g. natural sodium bentonite has a high cation exchange capacity (approx. 80 up to 120 mval/100 g) and hence a high contaminant adsorption capacity. In geosynthetic clay liners nearly exclusively natural sodium bentonite is used, occasionally activated sodium bentonite.
bentonite mat
See geosynthetic clay liner
bonding
Method to connect fibres of a fleece to form a nonwoven. Common methods are mechanical (needle-punching ), thermal or chemical bonding .
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C
chemically bonded nonwoven
A nonwoven soaked in a fluid adhesive and dried hereafter with the fibre crossing points bonded together, creating a stiff nonwoven with low elongation and therefore susceptible to damage during installation. Chemically bonded nonwovens are rarely found in geosynthetic applications.
clay liner
See geosynthetic clay liner
cohesive bonding
See thermally bonded nonwoven
construction elongation
Initial elongation in the construction status without special force absorption, especially with wovens, caused by tensile elements crossing each other and bonded without junction stiffness.
continuous fibre
See filaments
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D
denier
A weight-per-unit-length measure (fineness) of a yarn, filament, fibre, or other textile strand for expressing the mass in grams of 9,000 m.
DIBt
German Institute for Construction Technology, Berlin
drainage layer
Three-dimensional product from synthetic raw materials which can collect and discharge liquids and gases in the plane (see drainage).
drainage mat
See geosynthetic drainage system
dtex
A weight-per-unit-length measure (fineness) of a yarn, filament, fibre, or other textile strand for expressing the mass in grams of 10,000 m.
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E
entangled mesh
Three-dimensional, convoluted, irregular structure of an erosion control or drainage layer from monofilaments which are arranged directionally independent.
extruded geogrid
Punched homogeneos geomembrane which is stretched in one or more directions to cause an orientation of the polymer molecules. This creates homogeneous tensile strengths at low strains for reinforcement applications. The stiff junctions and the force transfer to the soil is achieved by an interlocking mechanism. Due to the large cross-sectional shape of the bars, stretched geogrids achieve a higher robustness against installation loads than woven fabrics.
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